Friedrich Nietzsche: Philosopher – A Thinker’s Legacy

Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15, 1844, in Röcken, Germany¹. He was a German philosopher and cultural critic. His ideas changed Western philosophy and modern thought a lot. His family had his mother, grandmother, two aunts, and his younger sister, Elisabeth¹. After his father, a Lutheran minister, died in 1849¹, Nietzsche did well in school. He became the youngest to hold a Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel at 24 in 1869¹².

Nietzsche started his philosophical work with “The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music” in 1872¹. Health problems made him leave Basel in 1876-77 and he quit his job in 1879¹². Even with these problems, he kept writing. He published important works like “The Gay Science,” “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” “Beyond Good and Evil,” and “On the Genealogy of Morality”¹.

Nietzsche had a collapse in 1889, losing his mental and physical health². He lived with his mother until she died in 1897, then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche until he died in 1900¹². Despite his tough end, his ideas like the Übermensch and the will to power changed many things. His thoughts on morality, religion, and philosophy have deeply influenced thinkers.

Key Takeaways

• Friedrich Nietzsche was a key German philosopher and cultural critic who challenged old Western thought.
• Even with health problems and a sad end, Nietzsche wrote many important philosophical works.
• His ideas, like the Übermensch and the will to power, have shaped modern thought.
• He criticized old morality, religion, and philosophy, affecting existentialism, nihilism, and postmodernism.
• Nietzsche’s work still inspires and sparks debate among thinkers in many fields.

The Life and Times of Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a key philosopher of the 19th century. He lived a life filled with deep insights and personal struggles. Born on October 15, 1844, in Röcken bei Lützen, Germany, his early life was hit hard when his father died at just four years old. This left him and his sister to be raised by their mother³. Yet, Nietzsche showed great intellectual talent from a young age.

Early Life and Education

At the prestigious boarding school, Schulpforta, Nietzsche shone in classical languages, literature, and philosophy. His love for these subjects led him to study theology and classical philology at the University of Bonn. However, he soon gave up his theological studies and lost his faith. This move set the stage for his later critiques of Christianity and traditional morality.

Academic Career and Friendship with Wagner

Nietzsche’s talent was recognized early, and at 24, he became a professor at the University of Basel in Switzerland³. He became close with Richard Wagner and his wife, Cosima. This friendship deeply influenced his early philosophy, seen in his first book, “The Birth of Tragedy” (1872)³. In this work, Nietzsche explored the decline of tragic culture and proposed that Wagner’s music could revive it in Germany⁴. But, his friendship with the Wagners ended in the mid-1870s.

Later Years and Illness

Nietzsche faced ongoing health problems, including migraines, digestive issues, and poor eyesight. These issues led him to leave his University of Basel job in 1879³. Despite his health, Nietzsche wrote many influential books, like “Thus Spoke Zarathustra,” “Beyond Good and Evil,” and “On the Genealogy of Morality” from 1883 to 1889³.

He had a mental breakdown in Turin, Italy, in January 1889, from which he never recovered³. He spent his final years under his mother and sister’s care, unable to continue his work. Friedrich Nietzsche died on August 25, 1900, in Weimar, Germany, at 55, after suffering strokes and pneumonia³.

Nietzsche’s Critique of Traditional Morality and Religion

Friedrich Nietzsche was a key thinker in the 19th century. He strongly criticized traditional morality and religion⁵. His ideas challenge the way we think about right and wrong⁶.

Challenging Conventional Pieties

Nietzsche saw morality as harmful, favoring some over others⁶. He questioned the idea of free will and the idea that we are all the same⁶. He believed these ideas were not true.

He argued that we made up these ideas ourselves⁶. We shouldn’t blame ourselves for our actions, he said⁶.

“In reality, however, it is we alone who have devised cause, sequence, for-each-other, relativity, constraint, number, law, freedom, motive, and purpose; and when we project and mix this symbol world into things as if it existed ‘in itself,’ we act once more as we have always acted—mythologically.” — Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil

The Death of God and Nihilism

Nietzsche rejected the idea of values based on a higher power⁵. He believed that without a god, we can’t blame ourselves for everything⁶.

He thought that losing faith would lead to nihilism, making life seem pointless⁵. To overcome this, he suggested creating new values and a new purpose⁵.

He proposed the idea of the Übermensch, or “superman,” to find meaning in a godless world⁵.

The Übermensch and the Will to Power

Friedrich Nietzsche introduced the Übermensch, or superman, in his book “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” between 1883-1885⁷. This idea is about a higher human being who goes beyond traditional morality. They live a life full of creativity and affirmation⁸. Nietzsche drew inspiration from figures like Lucian, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Byron’s Manfred⁷.

The term “Übermensch” has been translated as “Beyond-man,” “Superman,” or “Overman”⁷. It’s hard to fully translate because it’s unique. The Übermensch is key in Nietzsche’s work, showing its importance⁹. It’s not linked to Nazism or tyranny but stands for creating values and being a free spirit⁷.

Nietzsche also talked about the will to power as a key force in life. This isn’t just wanting to control others but a drive to overcome challenges and shape one’s life. The word “power” is used a lot in his work, showing its big role⁹. He saw embracing this will and aiming to be an Übermensch as a way to beat nihilism and find meaning without God.

“I teach you the overman. Man is something that shall be overcome. What have you done to overcome him?” – Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra

The overman, as Nietzsche sees it, is ready to take big risks for humanity’s betterment⁸. They set their own values and shape others’ lives. Nietzsche sees them as able to change history and create new values⁸. Self-overcoming is key to being an overman, as it means always trying to be better and make new values⁸.

Nietzsche’s heroes are like those in ancient myths and Shakespeare’s plays⁷. He looks up to figures like Alcibiades and Leonardo da Vinci for their big achievements and the Übermensch spirit⁹. His goal was to bring back humanity’s divine side, aiming for self-unity and cosmic connection⁷.

On the other hand, Nietzsche sees Christianity as opposing his ideas, mentioning it 10 times⁹. He believes Christianity holds back emotions and impulses, seeing them as vital to being human⁸. His shift away from Christianity came from reading Feuerbach and Schopenhauer, aiming for deep self-awareness and moving past religious views⁷.

The Übermensch and the will to power are key in Nietzsche’s thoughts. They offer a way to overcome oneself and create new values in a world without old moral or religious guides. By taking up these ideas, Nietzsche thought people could move past society’s limits and shape their own futures.

Eternal Recurrence and Amor Fati

Friedrich Nietzsche, a famous German philosopher, introduced eternal recurrence and amor fati. These ideas are key to his philosophy. Eternal recurrence means everything repeats over and over for all time¹⁰. Nietzsche wanted to live the same life over and over for eternity¹⁰.

Amor fati, or “love of fate,” is closely tied to eternal recurrence. It means loving one’s life, including its ups and downs¹⁰¹¹. Nietzsche believed in fully accepting life, including its challenges, as a path to greatness¹⁰.

The Concept of Eternal Return

Nietzsche used eternal return to express amor fati¹¹. He thought about living the same life over and over to fully embrace it¹¹. This idea makes every action and decision very important¹¹.

Eternal return brings a sense of urgency, making us think about our choices¹¹. It encourages us to live meaningfully and shape a future we’d want to relive¹¹. Nietzsche said in The Gay Science, “This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more…'”

Embracing One’s Fate

Nietzsche believed in accepting both good and bad in life¹⁰. He thought suffering helps us understand deeper¹⁰. R. J. Hollingdale linked Nietzsche’s amor fati to his Lutheran upbringing¹⁰.

By accepting life fully, we can find joy and overcome resentment¹⁰. Nietzsche saw amor fati as a way to greatness¹¹. Albert Camus also talked about embracing life’s meaninglessness in “The Myth of Sisyphus”¹⁰.

“My formula for greatness in a human being is amor fati: that one wants nothing to be different, not forward, not backward, not in all eternity. Not merely bear what is necessary, still less conceal it—all idealism is mendacity in the face of what is necessary—but love it.” – Friedrich Nietzsche, Ecce Homo

Nietzsche believed amor fati was key to being great¹¹. Camus also valued accepting life’s meaninglessness¹⁰. Both thinkers saw embracing fate as crucial for a fulfilling life¹⁰.

Nietzsche’s Influence on Existentialism and Postmodernism

Friedrich Nietzsche’s ideas have deeply influenced existentialism and postmodernism. His idea that truth varies based on the observer’s view has shaped postmodern thought¹². His attack on objective truth and the impact of power on knowledge has influenced thinkers like Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida¹³.

Existentialists like Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus were inspired by Nietzsche’s focus on individual freedom and creating personal meaning. His works, including “Thus Spoke Zarathustra” and “The Genealogy of Morals,” laid the groundwork for existentialist ideas¹⁴.

Postmodern thinkers have also been influenced by Nietzsche. Foucault’s views on language and culture reflect Nietzsche’s idea that language changes with moral judgments¹². Foucault’s study of madness through history also shows Nietzsche’s impact¹².

“There are no facts, only interpretations.” – Friedrich Nietzsche

Nietzsche’s ideas go beyond just influencing certain philosophies. He highlighted how truth is shaped by language and challenged the Enlightenment’s view of scientific truth¹³. Despite his critiques, Nietzsche valued deep philosophical thought and sought a deeper truth through his perspectivism¹³.

In summary, Nietzsche’s philosophy has sparked the growth of existentialism and postmodernism. His ideas have challenged traditional views on truth, morality, and individual roles in society. This has led to new ways of thinking and exploring philosophy.

Apollonian and Dionysian Forces in Nietzsche’s Philosophy

Friedrich Nietzsche introduced the Apollonian and Dionysian forces, named after Greek gods. He saw them as a balance in art, psychology, ethics, and politics¹⁵. In “The Birth of Tragedy,” published in 1872 and revised in 1886, Nietzsche made these ideas famous. He talked about them in classical Athenian tragedy¹⁶¹⁷.

The Duality of Order and Chaos

Apollo stands for order and reason, while Dionysus is about chaos and emotion¹⁵. In “The Birth of Tragedy,” Nietzsche showed how art reflects these two forces¹⁷. Apollonian art is about light, reason, and being an individual. Dionysian art is about unity, feeling, and losing boundaries¹⁷.

Sculpture is seen as the most Apollonian art, focusing on form and structure. Music, on the other hand, is the pure Dionysian art, touching emotions¹⁵. Nietzsche thought folk music is very Dionysian. He said that times with lots of folk songs show strong Dionysian feelings¹⁵.

Tragedy and the Affirmation of Life

In Greek tragedies, the mix of Apollonian and Dionysian made it possible to show hard truths in a beautiful way. This mix made life and the world meaningful and engaging¹⁷. Nietzsche wanted to combine these forces in a good way, like the ancient Greeks did¹⁵.

“It is only as an aesthetic phenomenon that existence and the world are eternally justified.” – Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy

The ideas of Apollonian and Dionysian have shaped many areas. Albert Szent-Györgyi saw scientists as either Apollonians or Dionysians, noting Dionysians like to explore new areas¹⁶. Ruth Benedict used these terms to describe cultures. Some value restraint (Apollonian), while others prefer showing off (Dionysian)¹⁶¹⁵. Camille Paglia looked at these ideas in her book Sexual Personae. She said human progress comes from men fighting against chaos¹⁶.

Nietzsche’s Views on Truth and Perspectivism

Friedrich Nietzsche, a key German philosopher from 1844 to 1900, challenged old ideas about truth and right and wrong¹⁸. His ideas became very important in the 20th century. He showed how important it is to see things from different viewpoints¹⁸.

Questioning the Existence of Objective Truth

Nietzsche was a strong critic of the idea of a single, true truth. He said that all knowledge and beliefs are shaped by our own views and interests¹⁸. He famously said,

“There are no facts, only interpretations,”

This means what we think is true is really just a popular view that has become widely accepted through power and tradition¹⁸. Nietzsche thought the idea of a single truth was made up by thinkers and scientists to make their ideas seem certain and powerful.

He also criticized empiricism, saying it stops at what we can see and touch, focusing on facts but ignoring how we interpret them¹⁸. Nietzsche believed lying and dishonesty are common in humans, making finding the truth hard¹⁸. He even said the real world is unreachable and can’t be proven¹⁸.

Multiple Interpretations and Perspectives

Instead of a single truth, Nietzsche supported a perspectivist view that sees many interpretations and how we shape what we know. He said the world looks different from every perspective, leading to many different views¹⁸. This idea, called perspectivism, means everything is subjective and open to different interpretations¹⁸.

Nietzsche thought having many views was key to a rich culture. He criticized those who insist on just one truth as being afraid. But he also said not all views are the same, and some are more life-affirming than others.

Some see Nietzsche’s ideas as skeptical or pragmatic, with all interpretations agreeing on this¹⁹. But Nietzsche himself didn’t like skepticism or extreme certainty¹⁹. He valued knowledge for its beauty and the joy it brings¹⁹.

Nietzsche’s thoughts on truth and perspective changed old ideas about right and wrong. He said moral judgments are just interpretations, not facts¹⁸. By asking us to think beyond traditional morality, Nietzsche opened up new ways to see truth and ethics¹⁸.

Friedrich Nietzsche: Philosopher and Cultural Critic

Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15, 1844, in Röcken, Prussia. He is a key figure in modern philosophy²⁰. Nietzsche saw himself as a cultural doctor, aiming to fix the problems of modern society. His ideas changed how people think, tackling big issues of our time²¹.

Nietzsche’s Role as a Philosopher

Nietzsche’s philosophy was new and bold. He thought traditional philosophy was stuck. He wanted to create a fresh way of thinking that dealt with real-life issues. His first big work, “The Birth of Tragedy,” came out in 1872 and started his unique philosophy²⁰.

Throughout his career, Nietzsche wrote many influential works. These ideas have shaped today’s thought, affecting existentialists and postmodern thinkers²⁰.

Nietzsche’s writing was bold and meant to stir people. He introduced concepts like the “will to power” and the Übermensch. These ideas have deeply influenced philosophy²⁰. Scholars have deeply studied his work, showing its lasting impact²¹.

Critiquing Modern Culture and Values

Nietzsche was harsh on many parts of modern European culture. He saw Christian morality as weakening European strength. He believed it was holding back progress²¹.

He also criticized democracy and socialism, seeing them as promoting a lack of individuality. Nietzsche thought modern culture was failing, filled with decay and harmful influences²¹. He called for a new set of values to prevent society from falling into nihilism²¹.

“To live is to suffer, to survive is to find some meaning in the suffering.” – Friedrich Nietzsche

About 70% of Nietzsche’s work focused on culture²¹. His ideas on this topic were consistent throughout his career²¹. This shows his deep focus on culture and its importance in his philosophy²¹.

In conclusion, Friedrich Nietzsche’s work as a philosopher and critic has greatly influenced modern thought. His bold ideas pushed against traditional beliefs, urging us to rethink our values in a changing world. Nietzsche’s impact is still felt today, making him a key figure in philosophy.

Nietzsche’s Legacy in the 20th and 21st Centuries

Friedrich Nietzsche’s ideas have deeply influenced Western thought. Many philosophers, writers, and artists in the 20th and 21st centuries have been touched by his work²². His views on power, violence, and irrationality have shaped our modern world²². Concepts like the Eternal Recurrence and Übermensch have sparked deep thought and debate²²²³.

Nietzsche believed in living life fully and striving for beauty. His ideas have shaped society, even if he might not have liked some modern trends²². He tackled big questions about the death of God and the need for new values²²²³.

Despite his health issues, Nietzsche kept writing and published many books²⁴. His experiences with illness deeply influenced his philosophy. He believed in overcoming suffering and improving one’s health²⁴.

“That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” – Friedrich Nietzsche

Nietzsche’s work still sparks thought and debate today. His ideas touch fields like psychology, literature, and culture. As we face modern challenges, Nietzsche’s insights offer a fresh view on our world²².

Controversies and Misinterpretations of Nietzsche’s Philosophy

Since his death in 1900, Friedrich Nietzsche’s work has faced many nietzsche controversies and misinterpretations. His famous sayings like “God is dead,” and “What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger” are well-known²⁵. Yet, his ideas have been taken out of context, leading to debates about his true beliefs.

Nietzsche’s Sister and the Appropriation of His Work

Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, Nietzsche’s sister, played a big part in the misinterpretations. After his mental breakdown and death, she took over his writings²⁵. She had anti-Semitic and nationalist beliefs and edited his work to fit her views²⁵.

She published a book called “The Will to Power,” making it seem like his main work²⁵. But Nietzsche didn’t finish many books, and “The Will to Power” was just a collection of his notes²⁶. Elisabeth lived until 1935, giving her nearly 40 years to shape how people saw Nietzsche’s work²⁶.

Separating Nietzsche from Fascist Ideology

Thanks to Elisabeth, Nietzsche was linked to fascist and Nazi beliefs in the early 1900s. His ideas about the Übermensch and the will to power were seen as supporting authoritarianism and racism²⁵. This damaged his reputation, as Elisabeth likely changed his writings to fit Nazi ideology²⁵.

But many scholars say this link is a big misunderstanding. Nietzsche was against nationalism, anti-Semitism, and big government. He believed in creating oneself and overcoming negative feelings, not in dominating others²⁵. In the 1950s and 1960s, scholars like Walter Kaufmann and Arthur C. Danto worked to clear up this misunderstanding²⁵.

Even with efforts to explain Nietzsche’s ideas, his views are still debated. His racist views and connections to anti-Semites affect how people see his work today²⁵. His writings show dislike for Jews and Judaism, making his views on this topic very controversial²⁵. Scholars and readers must work to understand Nietzsche’s true beliefs.

“The individual has always had to struggle to keep from being overwhelmed by the tribe. If you try it, you will be lonely often, and sometimes frightened. But no price is too high to pay for the privilege of owning yourself.” – Friedrich Nietzsche

Nietzsche’s work still sparks strong reactions, making him a controversial figure²⁵. As a widely read philosopher, his sayings are shared on platforms like Pinterest and Instagram²⁵. His legacy continues to be debated and interpreted.

Nietzsche’s Impact on Art, Literature, and Popular Culture

Friedrich Nietzsche’s ideas have changed more than just philosophy. They’ve left a mark on art, literature, and popular culture. He saw art as the highest form of self-expression. Artists, like those in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, found inspiration in his work²⁷.

His book “The Birth of Tragedy” changed the way creative thinkers saw art. It talked about the balance between order and chaos²⁷. Artists like Salvador Dali were influenced by this idea, adding it to their work²⁷.

In literature, Nietzsche had a unique way of writing. He exchanged ideas with famous poets like Goethe and Baudelaire²⁸. His poetry might not be as well-known as his prose, but his influence on literature is huge²⁸.

Recent studies show how much Nietzsche affected literature. Books like “Nietzsches Literaturen” and “Nietzsche als Dichter” explore his literary impact²⁸. These books show how deep his influence goes in the literary world²⁸.

Nietzsche also left his mark on popular culture. His ideas touched people from different backgrounds, from anarchists to fascists²⁹. In France and the U.S., his work influenced anarchists and others²⁹.

However, his ideas were also used by fascist regimes in Italy, Germany, and France²⁹. During World War I, German soldiers received his book “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”²⁹. Scholars debate how much Hitler knew of Nietzsche, but Mussolini was definitely influenced by him²⁹.

“You must have chaos within you to give birth to a dancing star.” – Friedrich Nietzsche

Nietzsche’s work has been debated, but his impact is clear. He inspires artists and writers to be creative and embrace life’s challenges. His ideas are still widely discussed, showing his lasting influence²⁹.

His ideas about creativity and individualism have made their way into self-help books. This shows how his work continues to shape our culture²⁸.

Reevaluating Nietzsche’s Contributions to Philosophy

Friedrich Nietzsche’s ideas still shape our thoughts today. His idea of revaluing all values is key to his work³⁰. He challenged old morality, linking goodness to our views and will to power³¹.

Nietzsche worried about nihilism in Europe and wanted to fight it³⁰. He questioned objective truth and pushed for many views. His concepts like the overman and will to power helped shape his ideas³⁰. Even though some see him as close to old morals, his views still spark debate³¹.

Nietzsche’s Enduring Relevance

Nietzsche’s influence goes beyond his time. He has touched philosophers, artists, and cultural icons in the 20th and 21st centuries. His critique of modern culture and values is still important today³⁰.

He wanted to create new values outside of Christian beliefs that had shaped Europe³⁰. His ideas about facing life’s challenges and understanding human nature are still useful. To learn more about Nietzsche’s lasting impact, check out the story of Christianity and its history, which contrasts with Nietzsche’s views on old religion.

Source Links

More Philosophy

1. Friedrich Nietzsche – https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/
2. Friedrich Nietzsche – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche
3. Friedrich Nietzsche – Quotes, Books & Beliefs – https://www.biography.com/scholars-educators/friedrich-nietzsche
4. Friedrich Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography – https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/friedrich-nietzsche-a-philosophical-biography/
5. Nietzsche’s Ethics | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy – https://iep.utm.edu/nietzsches-ethics/
6. Nietzsche’s Moral and Political Philosophy – https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche-moral-political/
7. Nietzsche’s Übermensch: A Hero of Our Time? | Issue 93 – https://philosophynow.org/issues/93/Nietzsches_Ubermensch_A_Hero_of_Our_Time
8. Nietzsche’s idea of “the overman” (Ubermensch) is one of the most significant concept in his thinking – https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~pj97/Nietzsche.htm
9. Nietzsche on the will to power and the Ubermensch – https://askaphilosopher.org/2013/04/02/nietzsche-on-the-will-to-power-and-the-ubermensch/
10. Amor fati – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amor_fati
11. Your New, New Year’s Resolution: Harness the Life-Altering Power of Eternal Return – https://www.artofmanliness.com/character/advice/eternal-return-ultimate-new-years-resolution/
12. The troubled relationship between Nietzsche and Postmodernism. – https://medium.com/i-m-h-o/the-troubled-relationship-between-nietzsche-and-postmodernism-de6d4de8ef1d
13. Continental philosophy – Nietzsche, Existentialism, Postmodernism – https://www.britannica.com/topic/continental-philosophy/Nietzsche
14. The Immense Impact of Friedrich Nietzsche on Modern Philosophy | Philosophy For Me – https://philosophyforme.com/friedrich-nietzche-impact
15. What Nietzsche really meant: The Apollonian and Dionysian – https://bigthink.com/personal-growth/what-nietzsche-really-meant-the-apollonian-and-dionysian/
16. Apollonian and Dionysian – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonian_and_Dionysian
17. What Is the Apollonian and Dionysian in Nietzsche’s Philosophy? – https://www.thecollector.com/nietzsche-philosophy-apollonian-dionysian/
18. Nietzsche on the Impossibility of Truth – https://newlearningonline.com/new-learning/chapter-7/knowledge-relativism-more-recent-times/nietzsche-on-the-impossibility-of-truth
19. Nietzsche’s Epistemic Perspectivism – https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-27041-4_2
20. Friedrich Nietzsche: Philosopher of Eternal Return – https://medium.com/@waliddesouky/friedrich-nietzsche-philosopher-of-eternal-return-eb998bc37d77
21. Nietzsche on the Decadence and Flourishing of Culture – https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/nietzsche-on-the-decadence-and-flourishing-of-culture/
22. The legacy of Friedrich Nietzsche | The New Criterion – https://newcriterion.com/article/the-legacy-of-friedrich-nietzsche/
23. Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche
24. Friedrich Nietzsche’s Life, Insanity, and Legacy | Philosophy Break – https://philosophybreak.com/articles/friedrich-nietzsches-life-insanity-and-legacy/
25. Who was the most controversial philosopher? – https://bigthink.com/thinking/nietzsche/
26. Far right, misogynist, humourless? Why Nietzsche is misunderstood – https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/06/exploding-nietzsche-myths-need-dynamiting
27. How Did Friedrich Nietzsche Influence Art? – https://www.thecollector.com/how-did-friedrich-nietzsche-influence-art/
28. Nietzsche and Literature – https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nietzstu-2022-0014/html
29. Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche
30. Nietzsche’s Revaluation of All Values – https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1415&context=dissertations_mu
31. pre-reflective final – https://philpapers.org/archive/RODNPO-2.pdf

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Last modified: September 6, 2024