February 9, 2025

The Free Masons: History of a Secret Brotherhood

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Discover the mysterious world of The Free Masons: History of a Secret Brotherhood – from ancient rituals and symbols to influential members who shaped modern society

The Free Masons: History of a Secret Brotherhood

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Freemasonry is a world full of mystery and deep history. It started in medieval Europe with stonemason guilds. Now, it’s about personal growth and helping others.

Freemasonry’s story is filled with secrets, symbols, and big changes. It has touched many lives and shaped countries. Its lasting impact is truly amazing.

Jeremy Harwood’s book on Freemasonry is fascinating. It has 96 pages of deep analysis and Masonic symbols. It’s rated 4.7 out of 5 stars by 6 reviewers1.

The history of Freemasonry is long and rich. The Regius Poem, from 1390 A.D., shows early Freemasonry. It’s a peek into the past of this secret society2.

Today, Freemasonry does more than just rituals. It gives over two million dollars a day to charity2. They help with research and care for children with disorders. Their work changes our world.

Key Takeaways

  • Freemasonry is the world’s oldest fraternal organization
  • It evolved from medieval stonemason guilds to a social and philanthropic society
  • Masonic symbols and rituals hold deep significance for members
  • The organization has a strong focus on charity and community service
  • Freemasonry has influenced history while maintaining relevance in modern times

Origins of Freemasonry in Medieval Stone Guilds

Freemasonry’s roots go back to medieval times. Back then, stonemasons built famous structures like Egyptian pyramids and Greek temples3. They formed guilds in places like Scotland, England, and France. Members moved from Apprentices to Master Masons3.

Medieval Masonic Guilds and Cathedral Builders

In the 14th century, stonemason guilds were thriving4. They had local lodges to help sick or injured members and their families3. The term “Freemason” might come from working with freestone or symbolize free men with free will3.

The Transition from Operative to Speculative Masonry

When the old guild system fell apart in the 17th century, Freemasonry changed4. It moved towards a more symbolic form. This change led to modern Freemasonry in the early 18th century in England and Scotland4. Symbols like the Square and Compasses continued to be important3.

The Regius Poem of 1390

The Halliwell Manuscript, also known as the Regius Poem, was written between 1390-14255. It’s one of the oldest known works about masonry’s history. It sheds light on ancient mysteries and occult practices. This poem is a key part of Freemason history, showing the rich symbolism of the brotherhood.

Era Key Development
14th Century Active stonemason guilds
1390-1425 Regius Poem written
17th Century Shift to speculative masonry
Early 18th Century Modern Freemasonry emerges

Today, Freemasonry has over six million members worldwide, with more than 160 Grand Lodges globally3. This growth shows how the ancient craft has evolved into a global brotherhood. It preserves its rich history of masonic symbols and occult traditions.

The Free Masons: History of a Secret Brotherhood

Freemasonry is the oldest fraternal group in the world. It started in medieval Europe’s stonemason guilds67. This group has a long history, filled with tradition and mystery. Its legacy is truly captivating.

Freemasonry has had a big impact on the world. It has millions of members worldwide6. This has led to both praise and criticism, even sparking a political party in 18287.

Members join through three degrees: Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft, and Master Mason68. Lodges, which are like clubs, choose their own members and leaders each year8.

Freemasonry used to only accept men. But now, the French tradition, Co-Freemasonry, lets both men and women join6. Despite this change, some people and religious groups have criticized it68.

Freemasons are known for their charity work. They give millions to help others7. Famous people like George Washington and Mozart were members, adding to the group’s mystique7.

Formation of the First Grand Lodge in 1717

The birth of modern freemasonry happened in London. On June 24, 1717, four London lodges met at the Goose and Gridiron Tavern. They formed the first Grand Lodge, starting a new chapter for fraternal organizations9.

Establishment in London

At this meeting, Anthony Sayer was elected as the first Grand Master. This set the stage for a structured hierarchy in freemasonry109. The Grand Lodge united existing lodges, leading to standardized practices and rituals.

Early Organization Structure

The early years saw fast growth and the formalization of masonic practices. By 1720, George Payne wrote the General Regulations of a Free Mason. The Constitutions of the Free-Masons were published in 172310. These documents helped shape masonic rituals and governance.

Spread Through British Empire

As the British Empire grew, so did freemasonry. By 1725, lodges had spread to cities like Bath, Bristol, and Norwich. They even reached overseas territories, with Provincial Grand Lodges in Cheshire and South Wales10. This expansion paved the way for freemasonry’s global presence.

Year Event
1717 Formation of First Grand Lodge
1720 General Regulations written
1723 Constitutions published
1725 Spread beyond London

The 1717 Grand Lodge formation was a key moment for freemasonry. It set the stage for a global fraternal organization. Today, it has over 200,000 members in more than 6,800 lodges under the United Grand Lodge of England alone11.

Core Beliefs and Philosophical Foundations

Freemasonry is a global fraternal organization with roots in medieval stonemasons’ guilds12. It is built on timeless principles12. As I explore its core beliefs, I see a mix of moral values, personal growth, and community service12. The Encyclopedia Britannica calls it the world’s largest secret society13.

At its core, Masonic philosophy is based on three key tenets: brotherly love, relief, and truth12. These principles help create harmony, support charity, and encourage wisdom. Freemasonry uses symbols and rituals to teach these lessons, with symbols like the square and compasses being key1312.

The organization has three main degrees: Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft, and Master Mason12. Each degree goes deeper into Masonic philosophy, exploring ancient mysteries and occult knowledge. Henry Wilson Coil notes there are over 1,100 degrees in Freemasonry13.

Freemasonry doesn’t have a central authority to define its creed, but there’s a general agreement on its worldview13. It values broad humanitarianism and seeks truth in all things. Albert Mackey, a key Masonic figure, says “the doctrine of Freemasonry is everywhere the same”13.

“Freemasonry is a course of moral instruction, using both allegories and symbols to teach its lessons.”

Freemasonry’s philosophy focuses on continuous self-improvement through learning and moral reflection12. It values personal growth and a strong sense of community, creating a unique brotherhood worldwide12.

Masonic Symbols and Their Hidden Meanings

Freemasonry is filled with symbols, each with its own deep meaning. These symbols, tied to ancient mysteries, reveal the brotherhood’s values and teachings.

The Square and Compasses

The Square and Compasses are the most known masonic symbols. They stand for moral behavior and wise actions14. This emblem reminds Freemasons to live righteously and act fairly in all they do.

The All-Seeing Eye

The All-Seeing Eye, or the Eye of Providence, has been around from 179714. It’s a symbol of divine all-knowingness. Some wrongly link it to the illuminati, but its true meaning is deeper.

The Beehive Symbol

The Beehive symbolizes unity and teamwork in Masonry14. It shows the hard work of the lodge and its members. It highlights the value of working together to reach goals.

Other symbols include the Masonic Gavel, for authority and overcoming vices, and the Acacia Tree, for eternal souls14. These symbols, along with others, make up a rich Masonic imagery. They captivate both members and outsiders.

Freemasonry uses symbols, secret oaths, and rituals to teach new members. Yet, its teachings have stayed the same over time, even as its practices have changed15. This mix of tradition and change keeps Freemasonry relevant today while keeping its ancient secrets alive.

Ritual Practices and Ceremonial Traditions

Freemasonry’s masonic rituals are at the heart of this ancient brotherhood. They come from medieval stonemasons, teaching moral lessons through architecture16. In Masonic temples, or “lodges,” members perform ceremonies filled with history and meaning17.

The rituals recreate scenes from building Solomon’s Temple, linking Freemasons across time16. They include secret handshakes, phrases, and gestures like rolling up pants18. Freemasons see themselves as a society with secrets, not a secret society16.

Masonic rituals

The occult side of Freemasonry is seen in its symbols and allegories. Members go through three degrees, each with its own rituals and teachings17. The Supreme Being is called the Grand Geometrician, a term that doesn’t tie to any one religion16.

Despite challenges, like William Morgan’s disappearance in 1826, Freemasonry keeps its rituals16. Today, it blends its rich history with modern practices. It uses both written IDs and traditional signs and grips16.

“Freemasonry is a beautiful and profound system of morality, veiled in allegories and illustrated by symbols.”

This quote shows the depth of Masonic philosophy. It highlights the beauty and complexity of its traditions. Freemasonry evolves, keeping its core rituals while fitting into today’s world, preserving a legacy for centuries.

The Three Degrees of Freemasonry

Freemasonry’s journey of personal growth unfolds through three basic degrees. These form the core of masonic rituals. They symbolize the path to enlightenment within this secret society1920.

Entered Apprentice

The Entered Apprentice degree marks the first step into freemasonry. Candidates must meet specific qualifications. They must be a man of at least 21 years old and believe in a Supreme Being19. This initial stage introduces fundamental masonic principles and symbols.

Fellowcraft Mason

As apprentices progress, they enter the Fellowcraft degree. This level deepens their understanding of masonic teachings. The use of special garments and symbols like the hoodwink and Cable-Tow play significant roles in these rituals19.

Master Mason

The Master Mason degree represents the pinnacle of Blue Lodge Freemasonry. It involves complex rituals and imparts deeper wisdom. Prayer and circumambulation are integral parts of these ceremonies, highlighting the spiritual nature of freemasonry19.

Beyond these three degrees, some Masons pursue additional paths like the Scottish Rite, which offers 30 more degrees. The York Rite and Swedish Rite provide alternative systems for further masonic exploration20. Each degree system within freemasonry offers unique insights. These contribute to a Mason’s personal and spiritual growth1920.

Famous Freemasons Throughout History

Freemasonry has drawn many famous people over the years. With over six million members worldwide, it has a long list of influential people21. These individuals have made big impacts in leadership, art, and innovation.

George Washington, a key figure in American history, joined Freemasonry at 20 in Virginia. He became more involved, eventually being the charter master of Alexandria Lodge No. 3922. His commitment to Freemasonry is clear in his letter to King David’s Lodge.

Famous Freemasons

Many fields have been touched by Freemasons. Benjamin Franklin, a key figure in America’s first Masonic Lodge, is alongside Mozart and Duke Ellington. Politicians like Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt were also members21.

Science and innovation are also well-represented. Sir Alexander Fleming, who found penicillin, became a lodge master in 1924. Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, is a more recent member21.

Freemasonry’s impact on politics is clear. About one-third of US Presidents were Freemasons, including Gerald Ford21. This influence also reaches beyond the US, with many Australian conservative prime ministers being Freemasons until the early 1970s.

Field Notable Freemasons
Politics George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Winston Churchill
Science Sir Alexander Fleming, Buzz Aldrin
Arts Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Duke Ellington
Technology Steve Wozniak

Looking at this list, it’s clear Freemasonry’s reach goes beyond myths. It has shaped politics, science, and the arts in ways we might not see. Its influence is undeniable.

Freemasonry’s Role in American History

Freemasonry had a big impact on American history. It helped shape the country’s early years. Its influence reached high levels of power, causing both praise and criticism.

Influence on Founding Fathers

Many founding fathers were drawn to freemasonry’s ideals. George Washington, a key figure in the American Revolution, joined the Masons on August 4, 175323. About twenty-one signers of the Declaration of Independence were Masons. They brought values of liberty and equality to the new nation23.

Masonic Presidents

Freemasonry’s influence reached the White House. Many U.S. presidents were Masons. Their leadership, guided by Masonic values, shaped the young republic.

Impact on Early American Society

Freemasonry’s impact was vast in early America. The first lodge was in Boston in 173323. By 1800, there were 11 Grand Lodges, 347 lodges, and about 16,000 members. Membership grew a lot by 182524.

But, freemasonry also faced opposition. The William Morgan affair in 1826 almost ended the Masons. It led to the Anti-Masonic Party2324. This party ran a presidential candidate in 1832, showing the debate over secret societies23.

Despite the challenges, freemasonry kept influencing American society. The Shriners, a related group, are known for their charity and health work. They show the good side of these organizations beyond their secrets23.

Religious Controversy and Opposition

Freemasonry has faced a lot of opposition from organized religion. The Catholic Church first condemned it in 1738, worried about Masonic temples and secret rituals25. This has led to many conspiracy theories and misconceptions about Freemasonry, often linking it to the illuminati and occult practices.

In 1983, the Vatican said Catholics who join Masonic groups are in grave sin25. Recently, the Vatican reaffirmed this, showing the Church’s ongoing opposition to Freemasonry25. The conflict between Freemasonry and the Catholic Church is clear, as seen in 2007 when Masonic Grand Lodge of the Valley of Mexico opposed Church efforts to control its schools and communications25.

Religious opposition to Freemasonry

The tension between Freemasonry and religion goes beyond Catholicism. In most Middle Eastern countries, Freemasonry is banned26. This opposition has led to harsh consequences for Freemasons. For example, Alessandro Cagliostro was sentenced to death in Rome in 1791 for heresy and Freemasonry26.

Despite these controversies, Freemasonry is the oldest fraternal organization, dating back to medieval Europe7. Its secret passwords and rituals, from medieval guild practices, continue to spark conspiracy theories and religious opposition7. The struggle between faith, secrecy, and power in Freemasonry’s history shows the complex relationship that has shaped human society.

Modern Masonic Organization Structure

Freemasonry is a huge fraternal group with a long history. It has a complex setup with Grand Lodges and local lodges. Each has its own rules and leaders.

Grand Lodges and Jurisdictions

Grand Lodges run Freemasonry in their areas. In the U.S., each state has its own Grand Lodge. They decide what happens in their area, but everyone follows the main ideas of Freemasonry27.

The first Grand Lodge was in England in 1717. Boston’s Freemasonry started in 1733. It’s one of the oldest in the Western Hemisphere28.

Hierarchy and Leadership

Freemasonry has many leaders and levels. The main ones are:

  • Grand Master
  • Deputy Grand Master
  • Senior Grand Warden
  • Junior Grand Warden
  • Grand Secretary
  • Grand Treasurer

These leaders help run the lodges. Freemasonry has over six million members worldwide27. They are all connected by brotherly love, relief, and truth27.

Freemasonry also helps charities. In Massachusetts, they started the Masonic Education and Charity Trust in the 19th century. They support many community projects28. Giving back is a big part of what Freemasonry does.

Charitable Works and Community Service

Freemasonry is one of the oldest fraternal organizations. It has a long history of giving back to the community. This shows the core values of brotherly love, relief, and truth.

Freemasons are big donors to charity, giving millions to good causes. In 2020, over 180 masonic groups in the UK raised £51m for charity29. They help with medical research, disaster relief, and education.

Freemasonry charitable works

Freemasonry has always been there to help in times of need. In 1872, they raised over $90,000 for the Great Chicago Fire of 187130. During the 1918 flu pandemic, Masonic Homes in Elizabethtown, PA, treated 82 non-Masonic patients with care30.

Freemasonry helps on local, national, and international levels. They support disaster relief, scholarships, medical research, and programs for kids31. After 9/11, Shriners Hospitals in New York City helped adult victims30.

“Freemasonry values diversity and welcomes men from all backgrounds, regardless of race, religion, or social status.”

Being a Freemason offers many benefits. It helps with personal growth, leadership, and making friends29. They don’t actively seek members, instead, they rely on word-of-mouth and online presence29.

Requirement Description
Age At least 18 or 21 years old (jurisdiction dependent)
Belief Faith in a Supreme Being
Character Good moral standing, no criminal record
Gender Traditionally men, some branches open to all genders

Freemasons continue to make a big difference in society. Their charitable works and community service show the values they hold dear for centuries.

Women in Freemasonry

The role of women in freemasonry has changed a lot over time. What was once a male-only club now welcomes women in different ways. This change is shaking up old traditions and rituals.

Order of the Eastern Star

The Order of the Eastern Star started in 1850. It lets female relatives of Freemasons join in activities inspired by masonry32. Its rituals are based on the Bible and offer a path similar to traditional freemasonry32.

The Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star began in 1874. It’s a group for women connected to Prince Hall Freemasonry. This group gives women more chances to get involved32.

Co-Freemasonry Movement

The Co-Freemasonry movement is a big change in masonic traditions. In the UK, women have almost 5,000 members in two groups. These groups are like male lodges, with women meeting in temples and moving through degrees33.

In Italy, freemasonry for women is varied. The Grand Women’s Masonic Lodge of Italy is just for women. But the Grand Lodge of Italy of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons lets both men and women join34. Even so, women in these groups don’t have the same rights and rituals as men in the Grand Orient of Italy34.

“Freemasonry played a significant role in shaping democratic ideals during the Enlightenment period, influencing the cultivation of liberal humanism.”

Women joining freemasonry shows how society is changing. Most women in these groups are over 50, but there’s a push to attract younger members. This effort shows a growing acceptance of diversity in masonic traditions33.

Organization Membership Year Founded
Order of the Eastern Star Female relatives of Freemasons 1850
Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star Auxiliary to Prince Hall Freemasonry 1874
UK Female Freemason Societies ~5,000 members Various
Grand Women’s Masonic Lodge of Italy Women-only Not specified

As freemasonry grows, welcoming women challenges old ideas. This change makes freemasonry more diverse and relevant today.

Global Reach and Influence

Freemasonry has grown from its medieval beginnings into a worldwide organization with millions of members. It started in stonemason guilds and now has lodges in many places. This includes North and South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania35. The oldest lodge, Mary’s Chapel in Edinburgh, has records from 1599, showing its long history36.

Freemasonry’s growth shows its lasting appeal. By the late 1500s, Scotland had at least 13 lodges, setting the stage for its global spread36. It faced challenges, like in North China, but adapted well to different cultures36.

Today, Freemasonry has both chances and challenges. It’s active in many places but sees fewer members in others. It influences culture through books, movies, and TV35. Films like “National Treasure” show Masonic views of early American history, making it more familiar to the public37.

Freemasonry is also debating whether to include women. Some groups, like Co-Masonry, now accept both men and women, showing its openness to change35. Yet, its core values of brotherhood, charity, and truth guide its mission. These values drive its charity work and focus on personal growth and ethics35.

Common Myths and Misconceptions

Freemasonry is often misunderstood, leading to many myths and misconceptions. It’s the world’s largest secret society, sparking both curiosity and suspicion38. Let’s look at some common misunderstandings about this mysterious group.

Conspiracy Theories

Many believe Freemasonry is linked to shadowy governments or the Illuminati. But, Freemasonry focuses on universal brotherhood and shared values38. It’s not about secret plans, but about helping others and building community.

Secret Society Labels

The term “secret society” often sparks rumors about Masonic activities. But, Freemasonry welcomes those who want to join willingly38. Becoming a master takes seven to eight years, showing a deep commitment, not secrecy39.

Historical Misrepresentations

Historical myths often portray Freemasonry as evil. But, it had members on both sides of the American Revolution, showing it’s not biased38. Today, it’s known for its charity work, being a big donor after the lottery39.

Membership has dropped from 4 million in the 1950s to 1.5 million today in the U.S38. This decline is common among fraternal groups, showing Freemasonry faces modern challenges, not evil plans.

By understanding these truths, we can see the real story of Freemasonry. It’s a complex history with a changing role in society.

Conclusion

Freemasonry’s legacy is vast and profound. It began with medieval stone guilds and grew into a group focused on charity, morality, and personal growth40. This journey has deeply influenced our world, creating both admiration and controversy.

In America, Freemasons have made a big impact. A 2020 study looked at their role in conspiracy theories37. Despite the mystery, their dedication to helping others is clear, supporting many causes over time40.

Masonic rituals and symbols are both intriguing and puzzling to those outside. Some see them with distrust, while others value their focus on personal growth and helping others. Freemasonry’s history is complex, but its influence on our world is undeniable.

FAQ

What are the origins of Freemasonry?

Freemasonry started with medieval stone guilds and cathedral builders in Europe. It changed from actual stonework to a focus on philosophy and symbols in the 17th and 18th centuries.

When was the first Grand Lodge established?

The first Grand Lodge was set up in London in 1717. This was a key moment in Masonic history, marking the start of Freemasonry’s structure.

What are some key Masonic symbols?

Important Masonic symbols include the Square and Compasses, the All-Seeing Eye, and the Beehive. The Square and Compasses stand for morality and wisdom. The All-Seeing Eye shows God’s all-knowing nature. The Beehive represents hard work.

What are the three degrees of Freemasonry?

Freemasonry has three degrees: Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft Mason, and Master Mason. Each degree shows a step in personal growth and learning Masonic values.

Are there any famous Freemasons?

Yes, many famous people were Freemasons. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Buzz Aldrin were among them.

What role did Freemasonry play in American history?

Freemasonry was very important in American history, mainly during the founding of the country. Many Founding Fathers were Freemasons. They brought ideas of freedom, equality, and brotherhood into the new nation.

How has religion responded to Freemasonry?

Some religions, like the Roman Catholic Church, have criticized Freemasonry. The Catholic Church first condemned Freemasonry in 1738. It says joining Masonic groups is a serious sin for Catholics.

What charitable works do Freemasons engage in?

Freemasons are known for their charity work. They give millions to different causes. The Shriners, a part of Freemasonry, are famous for helping children in hospitals.

Can women join Freemasonry?

While traditional Freemasonry was for men only, women can now join in different ways. There’s the Order of the Eastern Star, Co-Freemasonry (Le Droit Humain), and women’s lodges in some countries.

How widespread is Freemasonry today?

Freemasonry is found worldwide, with two to six million members in the early 21st century. It’s most popular in the British Isles and countries that were part of the British Empire.

What are some common misconceptions about Freemasonry?

Many people think Freemasons are part of a secret world government or linked to the Illuminati. These ideas ignore Freemasonry’s focus on charity and community.

Source Links

More Articles

  1. The Secret History of Freemasonry: A Complete Illustrated Reference to the Brotherhood of Masons, Covering 1000 Years of Rituals and Rites, Signs and Symbols, from Ancient Foundation to the Modern Day by Jeremy Harwood (Hardcover, 2016) for sale online | eBay – https://www.ebay.com/p/89061518
  2. History of Freemasonry – https://www.rimasons.org/about-freemasonry/history-of-freemasonry
  3. History and Origin of Modern Freemasonry | Scottish Rite, NMJ – https://scottishritenmj.org/blog/history-modern-freemasonry
  4. Freemasons: History, facts and myths – https://www.livescience.com/freemasons.html
  5. History of Freemasonry – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Freemasonry
  6. Freemasonry | Definition, History, Stages, Lodges, & Facts | Britannica – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Freemasonry
  7. 7 Things You May Not Know About Freemasons | HISTORY – https://www.history.com/news/freemasons-facts-symbols-handshake-meaning
  8. Freemasonry – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonry
  9. History of Freemasonry | United Grand Lodge of England – https://www.ugle.org.uk/discover-freemasonry/history-freemasonry
  10. Premier Grand Lodge of England – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Grand_Lodge_of_England
  11. United Grand Lodge of England – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England
  12. The Core Beliefs of Freemasonry – The Square Magazine – https://www.thesquaremagazine.com/mag/article/045-pillars-of-faith-the-core-beliefs-of-freemasonry/
  13. The Secret Teachings of the Masonic Lodge – https://www.moodypublishers.com/mpimages/Marketing/WEB Resources/ProductExcerpts/9780802476951-TOC-CH1.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOorMIvoj_9HQuIqWH2n3rfXrFyMx9QO4wOScfyvkDLf7ks3Efyz3
  14. The Meaning Behind 15 Common Masonic Symbols – https://www.ghlilley.com.au/blogs/news/freemason-symbols?srsltid=AfmBOoq-4W6wmwaDbLlo6WgXRX_xHz6UmMsm2NnUhrs2J2eLgR994YNR
  15. The Secret Teachings of the Masonic Lodge – https://www.moodypublishers.com/mpimages/Marketing/WEB Resources/ProductExcerpts/9780802476951-TOC-CH1.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOoqprHO_ztFYr_gScAQ3ThcpH6uPuzl8aS1qggOpThaCRiSgo9GY
  16. Masonic ritual and symbolism – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonic_ritual_and_symbolism
  17. Freemasons explain the rituals and benefits of membership – https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43005770
  18. Secrets of the Freemasons: Ancient Masonic Rites, Rituals, and Myths | Gaia – https://www.gaia.com/article/freemason-secrets-ancient-masonic-rites-rituals-and-myths
  19. The Three Degrees of Freemasonry – https://www.jjcrowder743.com/threedegrees.html
  20. Understanding Freemasonry Degrees – The Square Magazine – https://www.thesquaremagazine.com/mag/article/045-climbing-the-ladder-understanding-freemasonry-degrees/
  21. A List of Famous Freemasons You Need To See – https://www.ghlilley.com.au/blogs/news/famous-freemasons?srsltid=AfmBOoqcHsFG9IGSfXIqW9smqhtBW6nAO53k4DE3ZiJ-x854frK4ICGe
  22. Freemasonry – https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/freemasonry
  23. The Strange History of Masons in America – JSTOR Daily – https://daily.jstor.org/the-strange-history-of-masons-in-america/
  24. Freemasonry in the United States – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonry_in_the_United_States
  25. Explainer: Why can’t a Catholic join the Freemasons? – https://www.ewtnvatican.com/articles/explainer-why-cant-a-catholic-join-the-freemasons-1876
  26. Whispers of a Brotherhood – https://mitch-horowitz-nyc.medium.com/whispers-of-a-brotherhood-d4082e23cd31
  27. The Secretive History of the Freemasons: Brotherly Love and Conspiracy Theories – Articles by MagellanTV – https://www.magellantv.com/articles/the-secretive-history-of-the-freemasons-brotherly-love-and-conspiracy-theories
  28. Boston’s Secret Society 🤫 The Freemasons and Their Influence — Secret Boston – https://www.secretboston.co/blog/free-masons
  29. How Do Freemasons Contribute to Society? – https://masonicfind.com/how-do-freemasons-contribute-to-society
  30. A Brief History Of Masonic Charity – Pennsylvania Masons – https://pagrandlodge.org/brief-history-masonic-charity/
  31. A Comprehensive Guide – The Square Magazine – https://www.thesquaremagazine.com/mag/article/045what-is-freemasonry-a-comprehensive-guide/
  32. Freemasonry and women – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonry_and_women
  33. The secret ceremonies and rituals of female Freemasons – https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-41804543
  34. Book Review: The Brotherhood of Freemason Sisters: Gender, Secrecy, and Fraternity in Italian Masonic Lodges by Lilith Mahmud – https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2014/06/19/book-review-the-brotherhood-of-freemason-sisters-gender-secrecy-and-fraternity-in-italian-masonic-lodges-by-lilith-mahmud/
  35. Freemasonry and Secret Societies: A Deep Dive – https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/freemasonry-secret-societies-deep-dive-marcelo-a-serafim-1pznf
  36. Secret history of the Freemasons – https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20161209-secret-history-of-the-freemasons-in-scotland
  37. Meeters in Secret: The History of Freemasonry and Its Influence on Conspiracy Culture in the United States – https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1054&context=scholars_day_conference
  38. “The Lost Symbol” and the Freemasons: 8 Myths Decoded – https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/the-lost-symbol-and-the-freemasons-8-myths-decoded
  39. Freemasons: Leaders tackle the myths behind the ‘secret’ organisation – https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-66738674
  40. The Secret Brotherhood: A Journey into the World of Freemasons. – https://vocal.media/fyi/the-secret-brotherhood-a-journey-into-the-world-of-freemasons
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Pastor Stan Boyer: Religion - Philosophy Tenure Professor and Baptist Minister
Stan is a Baptist Pastor and Scholar and works as College Math Professor, he has over 30 years as a minister and A master's degree in mathematics and theology.

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