The Real History of Thanksgiving: Native American Truth

The traditional Thanksgiving story is not true. It says Native Americans and European settlers got along well. But, the real story is much more complicated and often hides the harm done to Native peoples¹.

In 1621, the Wampanoag people and English settlers from the Mayflower had a three-day feast¹. But, this story ignores the settlers’ theft of Native graves and crops. This made the Wampanoag suspicious of the newcomers¹.

The English settlers needed to learn how to farm from Native tribes. Their crops from England didn’t grow well in America¹. Yet, the settlers took over Native lands, causing conflicts like the Pequot War in 1637. Over 700 Pequot men, women, and children were killed during their Green Corn Festival².

The war between the Pilgrims and Native tribes spread across New England. English militiamen killed Massasoit’s son, Phillip, in 1676³. Churches celebrated victories over Native Americans, offering bounties for Indian scalps².

Thanksgiving became a U.S. holiday in 1863, thanks to President Lincoln. The federal government made the last Thursday in November a holiday in 1898². This was during Lincoln’s time, when he ordered troops to fight the starving Sioux in Minnesota².

• The traditional Thanksgiving narrative perpetuates a false story of peaceful coexistence between Native Americans and European settlers.
• The first documented feast between the Wampanoag people and English settlers occurred in 1621, but was marred by the settlers’ theft of Native graves and crops.
• English settlers relied on Native tribes’ knowledge of horticulture, but quickly took over their lands, leading to conflicts and massacres.
• Thanksgiving became an official U.S. holiday in 1863, coinciding with President Lincoln’s orders to march troops against the starving Sioux in Minnesota.
• The real history of Thanksgiving is complex and often overlooks the atrocities committed against Indigenous peoples.

Thanksgiving Origins: A Complicated History

The story of Thanksgiving is often seen as a heartwarming tale. It tells of the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag tribe working together. But, the truth is much more complex. In 1620, the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth seeking a new life. This event is remembered by the Wampanoags as a day of mourning⁴.

The Wampanoags had already met Europeans a century before the Pilgrims arrived. At least two of them spoke English⁴.

The Wampanoag leader, Massasoit, also known as Ousamequin, reached out to the English. He hoped to form an alliance to protect his people from rival tribes⁴. Squanto, a Wampanoag tribesman who had been captured and taken to Europe, acted as a translator. However, not all Wampanoags agreed with this alliance, showing internal politics within the tribe⁴.

The first Thanksgiving feast took place in 1621, lasting three days⁵. This event is often seen as a peaceful gathering. But, it wasn’t until 1863 that President Abraham Lincoln made Thanksgiving a national holiday. This was during a time of great anxiety and agitation over immigration in the United States⁴⁵.

The alliance between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoags didn’t last long. Tensions grew due to different views on private property and land use⁴. These tensions led to King Philip’s War in 1675-1676, which devastated the Wampanoag people⁴. It’s important to note that Native people were not unified in their efforts against the settlers during this conflict⁴.

Today, the Wampanoag people are represented by two federally recognized tribes: the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)⁶. They continue to fight for the recognition of their history and the acknowledgment of the complex origins of Thanksgiving. Since 1970, the National Day of Mourning has been held in Plymouth, while the Indigenous People Sunrise Ceremony has been held in California since 1969⁶.

“It is important to understand the complex history behind this holiday and to recognize the perspectives of the indigenous people who were affected by the events that followed the arrival of the Pilgrims.”

About 87% of state-level history standards in the U.S. don’t mention Native American history after 1900⁶. As we celebrate Thanksgiving, it’s crucial to acknowledge the full story behind this holiday. We must honor the resilience and survival of the Wampanoag people and other Native American communities.

Native American Perspective on Thanksgiving

For many Native Americans, Thanksgiving is a holiday with mixed feelings. Some celebrate with family and food, while others mourn the loss of their culture and history⁷. The Wampanoag Nation’s view of the first Thanksgiving is very different from what most people think, showing the complex early relations and the harm to Native communities.

Squanto’s story is a sad example of violence and loss for Native Americans⁷. He was kidnapped and sold into slavery in Spain in 1614. When he returned, his family and tribe were gone due to a plague⁷. This history challenges the myth of a peaceful Thanksgiving.

Wampanoag Nation and the First Thanksgiving

The Wampanoag Nation had lived in the area for thousands of years. They helped the Plymouth Colony survive in 1621, when there were only 102 Pilgrims⁷. But, the colony’s growth led to violence and displacement, killing about 300,000 Native Americans in New England⁷.

The Pequot Massacre of 1637 killed 700 Pequot people, leading to a thanksgiving declared by Massachusetts Colony Governor John Winthrop⁸. By 1975, only 21 Pequot people were left in Connecticut due to violence and displacement⁷.

Cultural Appropriation and Misrepresentation

Native Americans often feel their history is misrepresented and their voices ignored in Thanksgiving stories, which spread false ideas and stereotypes. The United American Indians of New England have marked Thanksgiving as a Day of Mourning for 48 years, remembering the genocide and oppression of Native peoples⁸.

Despite these challenges, Native American resilience is strong. They contribute to American cuisine with foods like turkey, corn, and pumpkins in Thanksgiving meals⁸. Organizations like the First Nations Development Institute and Native American Heritage Association support Native American causes, helping with healthcare, violence against women, and land issues⁸.

Reflecting on Thanksgiving’s history, it’s important to listen to Native American views and work to change the narrative. By honoring their resilience and supporting their communities, we can move towards a more inclusive and accurate understanding of this complex holiday.

Colonial Settlers and Native American Relations

The relationship between colonial settlers and Native American tribes was complex. It was filled with cooperation, conflict, and devastating consequences for Native Americans. As European colonists expanded, they took land from Native American tribes⁹.

At first, some Native American tribes, like the Wampanoag, worked with the colonists. They even joined the first Thanksgiving in 1621. This three-day feast had about 50 colonists and possibly 90 Wampanoag members. The menu included wild turkey, venison, fish, and fruits like cranberries⁹¹⁰.

But, as the colonists wanted more land, land disputes and broken treaties grew. This led to the displacement and death of many Native Americans. Sadly, Thanksgiving often followed victories over Native people, like the Pequot Massacre of 1636⁹.

“Our people have been through so much. The first official Day of Mourning was in 1970, but we’ve been having them since the Pilgrims arrived.” – Kisha James, Aquinnah Wampanoag tribe member

The tensions culminated in King Philip’s War (1675-1676). This war changed the balance of power, leading to more oppression of Native Americans.

Today, the Wampanoag tribe mourns on the fourth Thursday in November, not celebrate⁹. The legacy of colonial expansion still affects Native American communities. Most history standards ignore Native history after 1900⁹.

Historical Accuracy: Debunking Thanksgiving Myths

Thanksgiving is a beloved holiday in America, second only to Christmas¹¹. Yet, its true origins are far more complex. The story of Pilgrims and Native Americans living in peace is not true. It ignores the harm caused by disease, displacement, and colonial brutality on Native Americans.

The Myth of Peaceful Coexistence

The first Thanksgiving in 1621 was not a happy meal with turkey and decorations¹¹. It was a harvest festival with roots in religious and practical traditions¹¹. The peace between settlers and Native Americans was short-lived, with war breaking out just a few generations later¹².

Disease had already killed 90% of the New England Indigenous population by 1620¹². Tensions grew as Plymouth expanded, leading to the devastating King Philip’s War in 1675. This war killed 30% of the English and half of the Native Americans¹².

Disease, Displacement, and Conflict

The first Thanksgiving was not a happy meal shared by Pilgrims and Indians¹¹. European diseases killed Native Americans, while colonial expansion displaced tribes and caused ongoing conflicts.

Squanto, known for teaching settlers to farm, was kidnapped as a child and sold into slavery in Spain¹¹. Native Americans had their own harvest celebrations and holidays before the settlers arrived¹¹.

For decades, Native Americans have mourned on Thanksgiving to honor those killed by European colonists¹². Organizations like the First Nations Development Institute support Native American communities through food sovereignty and language preservation¹¹.

As we confront the historical inaccuracies of Thanksgiving, we can have a more honest dialogue about this complex holiday. We must acknowledge the struggles and brutality faced by Native Americans in early American history.

Traditional Thanksgiving Narratives: A Revisionist History

The story of Thanksgiving many Americans know is a revisionist history. It pushes ideas of manifest destiny and bloodless colonialism. This tale has been used as propaganda to show dominance over new immigrants. It also creates a national founding myth that hides the harsh truths of colonial expansion, Indian Wars, and slavery¹³.

The first Thanksgiving feast in 1621 is a topic of debate, with different stories from different sources¹³. The first Thanksgiving Day was in 1637, celebrating the return of colonial volunteers after killing 700 Pequot Indians¹⁴. The United American Indians of New England remember this event every year with the Day of Mourning¹⁴.

The modern Thanksgiving, with its big feast, started in 1890. It was made popular with a story that didn’t accurately show the first meeting between Pilgrims and Native Americans¹⁴. For nearly two hundred years, the American education system has ignored the country’s dark colonial past¹⁵.

Television and radio have used Thanksgiving to share corny stories, trying to make a good image¹⁵. Characters like Linus van Pelt from Charles Schulz’s Peanuts show a wrong version of the first Thanksgiving¹⁵.

“Native Americans have been obstacles to be removed since the days of colonization.”¹⁵

Understanding the truth about colonial land theft and cultural appropriation can help American Indians heal from their past¹⁵. We should not ignore the complaints about Thanksgiving lore and historical figures like Andrew Jackson. We need to face the truth of our history and strive for a more honest and inclusive view of it.

By looking into the revisionist history of Thanksgiving, we can start to break down the myths and propaganda. This will help us see our nation’s founding in a more accurate and honest light.

The Real History of Thanksgiving

The first Thanksgiving in 1621 was a complex event. It was shaped by tribal politics and alliances. Wampanoag leader Ousamequin saw an alliance with the Pilgrims as a way to protect against rival tribes. But many Wampanoag opposed this decision.

At least 90 Wampanoag joined 52 English individuals during the 1621 harvest celebration in Plymouth, Massachusetts¹⁶. This feast, believed to be the model for the American Thanksgiving holiday, was a time of both celebration and tension¹⁷.

As colonial expansion increased, land disputes and Native American resistance led to conflicts like King Philip’s War. The Wampanoag perspective on the first Thanksgiving highlights the complex tribal politics and alliances that shaped early colonial relations. Many Wampanoag opposed Ousamequin’s decision to ally with the Pilgrims, seeing it as a threat to their sovereignty and way of life.

Wampanoag Perspective on the First Thanksgiving

For the Wampanoag, the first Thanksgiving was not a celebration of peace and harmony. It was a reminder of the challenges they faced as European colonists encroached on their land. The Wampanoag had already experienced devastating losses from disease and conflict with other tribes, and the arrival of the Pilgrims brought new challenges.

“We, the Wampanoag, welcomed you, the white man, with open arms, little knowing that it was the beginning of the end.” – Wampanoag chief Wamsutta (1923-2001)

Colonial Expansion and Native American Resistance

As the colonies grew, so did tensions between Native Americans and European settlers. Land disputes and broken treaties led to mounting resistance from tribes like the Wampanoag. In 1675, Wampanoag leader Metacomet (known as King Philip) led a bloody uprising against the colonists, known as King Philip’s War.

The conflict decimated the Wampanoag and other nearby tribes, paving the way for further colonial expansion.

Today, many Native Americans continue to resist the dominant narrative of Thanksgiving. Since the 1970s, the United American Indians of New England have organized the National Day of Mourning, an annual protest on Thanksgiving Day in Plymouth¹⁶. This event honors the struggles and resilience of Native peoples while challenging the myths surrounding the holiday.

Indigenous Voices: Reclaiming the Narrative

As Thanksgiving nears, native american activism is growing. Indigenous voices are taking back the story of this holiday. The National Day of Mourning protest, held since 1970¹⁸, is a key platform for Indigenous rights and remembering ancestors’ sacrifices¹⁸. Wampanoag elder Wamsutta Frank James started this in 1970 to challenge the traditional Thanksgiving story¹⁹.

Indigenous activists and scholars are working hard to fight against the erasure of their histories. They show the resilience of Indigenous peoples despite historical trauma. For example, the Pequot Massacre in 1637 killed over 700 people¹⁹. The loss of life during King Philip’s War (1675-1676) also highlights the challenges faced by Native communities¹⁹.

Despite these tragedies, Indigenous cultures have survived and kept their traditions alive. The Navajo tradition of Kinaalda, for instance, emphasizes sharing and community support²⁰. Even under oppressive bans, like the one on Potlatch ceremonies from 1884 to 1951 in Canada and the late 19th century to 1934 in the U.S²⁰., Indigenous communities secretly continued their practices²⁰.

Today, Indigenous activists use social media to share their views. Kelsey Ciugun Wallace’s TikTok video about “Truthsgiving” has over 10,000 views¹⁸. This shows growing interest in seeing Thanksgiving from an Indigenous perspective. Activists like Jean-Luc Pierite of the Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana join events like the National Day of Mourning to highlight issues like missing and murdered Indigenous women and boarding school abuses¹⁸.

As educators start teaching Thanksgiving in a more accurate and respectful way, there’s hope for a better understanding of this holiday. By using correct terms and focusing on Indigenous voices, we can start to honor the true history of Thanksgiving¹⁹.

Learn more about teaching Thanksgiving in a way that respects Indigenous cultures at this link.

Thanksgiving Mythology: Perpetuating False Narratives

The traditional Thanksgiving story often tells a false tale about Native Americans and European colonizers. This myth distorts history and hurts Native American communities. It’s a big problem.

The first Thanksgiving didn’t happen in 1621, and we don’t know the exact date²¹. Also, there’s no proof the Pilgrims invited Native Americans to the first Thanksgiving²¹. By December 1620, Europeans had been in North America for over a century, setting up colonies²².

School Curricula and Misinformation

Many schools still teach the Thanksgiving myth, leaving out important Native American history. This misinformation harms stereotypes and hurts efforts for cultural sensitivity. We need to change school curricula to teach the real story of Native Americans.

Media Representation and Stereotypes

Media often uses harmful stereotypes about Native Americans, making false stories worse. After early meetings, colonizers became oppressors, changing power²¹. A big war, King Philip’s War, killed many Native Americans and forced others into slavery or exile²¹.

“Indigenous peoples have faced systemic racism and continue to struggle for basic human rights.”²¹

To fix these problems, we need to work on reducing stereotypes and hearing more from Native American voices. Books like “An Indigenous Peoples’ History Of The United States” by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz give us valuable insights²¹.

Native American Resilience and Survival

Native American communities have shown incredible strength despite centuries of oppression. They have fought hard to keep their culture alive, fight for their rights, and maintain their sovereignty. Even after dark times, like the massacre of hundreds of Pequot people in 1637²³, they have kept going.

The U.S. has made over 370 treaties with Native American Nations²⁴. Yet, the fight for respect and preservation goes on. Many schools and teams still use Native American mascots²⁴, which hurts their dignity. But groups like First Nations Development Institute are working to change this.

Native American rituals include daily thanksgiving to the Creator, unlike the annual Thanksgiving²³. This spiritual bond has helped them stay strong through hard times. Forgiveness is also key to healing, as it helps break cycles of violence²³.

“Forgiveness is the greatest gift you can give to yourself when you have been wronged in life.”

There’s a growing effort to honor Native American perspectives. The first Day of Mourning was in 1969, and the 50th took place in 2019²⁴. Events like the Annual Indigenous Peoples Thanksgiving Sunrise Gathering at Alcatraz Island celebrate their resilience.

As we move forward, supporting Native American communities is key. We must honor their history, listen to their voices, and work towards reconciliation. This way, we can respect their resilience and spirit.

Decolonizing Thanksgiving: Honoring Indigenous Peoples

Reflecting on Thanksgiving’s history is key. We must acknowledge the trauma Native Americans faced and work to decolonize this holiday. This means recognizing colonial harm and showing indigenous solidarity through cultural respect and real native american support.

The U.S. has made over 370 treaties with Native American Nations²⁵. Yet, over 1,000 teams still use Native American mascots, spreading harmful stereotypes²⁵. Groups like the Native American Indian Center of Boston and United American Indians of New England are fighting for Native American health, livelihoods, and rights²⁵.

Acknowledging Historical Trauma

It’s vital to acknowledge the trauma Indigenous Peoples have faced. In 1637, Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop declared the first “Day of Thanksgiving” after English colonists killed 600 Pequot People in Mystic, Connecticut²⁶. This dark history shows why we must understand Thanksgiving’s true origins.

“There is a movement to shift away from one-dimensional misrepresentations of Native Americans and focus on indigenous perspectives.” – Abbie Adams, Department of Anthropology²⁶

Supporting Native American Communities

Supporting Native American communities is crucial for cultural respect and healing. Native chefs are honoring their ancestors through food²⁵. Events like the National Day of Mourning and the Alcatraz Thanksgiving Sunrise Gathering honor Indigenous Peoples²⁵. We should also support Native authors, filmmakers, musicians, poets, and artists²⁵.

By using these resources and initiatives, we can help decolonize Thanksgiving. Squanto, for example, introduced farming techniques like using fish heads as fertilizer²⁶. In fact, indigenous America introduced three-fifths of the world’s cultivated crops²⁶.

This November, as we celebrate National Native American Awareness Month²⁶, let’s show indigenous solidarity through historical recognition, cultural respect, and real native american support.

Celebrating Thanksgiving Responsibly

When we gather for Thanksgiving, it’s key to be respectful and support Native American communities. We should learn about their history, support their businesses, and think about our traditions’ impact. This way, we celebrate in a way that honors their culture and the environment.

Learning the real story of Thanksgiving is a good start. The Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian teaches us about the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag’s help. But, it’s also important to remember the feast included 90 Wampanoag warriors²⁷.

Teachers and students need to keep learning and refining their views of history²⁷. By seeing history as a study of people and relationships, we get a deeper understanding²⁷.

Exploring Native American culture is also part of respectful celebration. Resources from the Library of Congress and Smithsonian offer insights into their lives²⁸. These resources teach us about pottery-making and traditional math games, making learning fun for everyone²⁸.

To be true allies, we must also acknowledge the trauma Native American communities have faced. Tools like the Territory Acknowledgement guide help us understand the lands and people we live among²⁷. Supporting Native-owned businesses helps their economic and cultural growth.

This Thanksgiving, let’s celebrate with care and respect. By educating ourselves, respecting traditions, and standing with Native American communities, we honor the holiday’s true spirit. Together, we can build a more just and inclusive world.

Educating Ourselves: Resources for Learning More

To truly understand Thanksgiving’s complex history and its impact on Native American communities, we need reliable resources. There are many books, articles, and documentaries that offer insights into indigenous history and cultural awareness²⁹. By learning, we can move beyond the sanitized Thanksgiving often taught in schools. This way, we gain a more accurate understanding of the holiday’s origins and its significance for Native peoples³⁰.

Books, Articles, and Documentaries

Exploring literature written by Native American authors is a great starting point. Although there’s a limited selection, the American Indians in Children’s Literature (AICL) site lists many children’s and young adult books with Native American perspectives³¹. The National Museum of the American Indian also offers online exhibitions and teaching resources on indigenous history and culture³¹. Articles like “The Thanksgiving Tale We Tell Is a Harmful Lie” in Time Magazine offer reflections on the true meaning of Thanksgiving³¹.

Native American Organizations and Initiatives

Supporting Native American organizations and initiatives is key to deepening our understanding and promoting cultural awareness. The Smithsonian’s Native Knowledge 360º Education Initiative provides educational resources to challenge common misconceptions about Native Americans³¹. Project 562 aims to photograph over 562 federally recognized tribes in the United States, showcasing indigenous diversity and resilience³¹. By engaging with these organizations and learning from their valuable resources, we can foster a more inclusive and respectful understanding of Native American history and culture.

Learning about Thanksgiving’s true history and the experiences of indigenous peoples is a journey that requires openness, empathy, and a willingness to confront uncomfortable truths. By seeking diverse resources, supporting Native American initiatives, and engaging in meaningful conversations, we can develop a deeper appreciation for indigenous resilience and contributions. This helps us work towards a more just and equitable society.

Source Links

More Articles

1. The True, Indigenous History of Thanksgiving – Bioneers – https://bioneers.org/the-true-indigenous-history-of-thanksgiving-ztvz1911/
2. The Real Story of Thanksgiving: Story of a Massacre 1637 – https://iloveancestry.com/topics/ancestry/historical-events/15th-18thcentury/the-real-story-of-thanksgiving-by-susan-bates/
3. The True History of Thanksgiving – Veritas News – https://veritas.enc.edu/2019/11/16/true-history-thanksgiving/
4. The Myths of the Thanksgiving Story and the Lasting Damage They Imbue – https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/thanksgiving-myth-and-what-we-should-be-teaching-kids-180973655/
5. Thanksgiving 2023 ‑ Tradition, Origins & Meaning | HISTORY – https://www.history.com/topics/thanksgiving/history-of-thanksgiving
6. Truthsgiving: The True History of Thanksgiving – https://dosomething.org/article/truthsgiving-the-true-history-of-thanksgiving
7. Thanksgiving from an Indigenous Perspective – https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/national-museum-american-indian/2022/11/23/thanksgiving-from-an-indigenous-perspective/
8. The Dark Truth Behind The Origins Of Thanksgiving – https://www.delish.com/holiday-recipes/a33984895/native-american-thanksgiving-holiday/
9. The Real History Behind Thanksgiving – https://www.forbes.com/sites/maiahoskin/2022/11/24/the-real-history-behind-thanksgiving/
10. Colonists at the First Thanksgiving Were Mostly Men Because Women Had Perished | HISTORY – https://www.history.com/news/first-thanksgiving-colonists-native-americans-men
11. The Real History of Thanksgiving in America – https://www.rd.com/article/history-of-thanksgiving/
12. The true story behind Thanksgiving is a bloody one, and some people say it’s time to cancel the holiday – https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-thanksgiving-2017-11
13. Thanksgiving has fed us a false narrative – The Chimes – https://chimesnewspaper.com/48721/opinions/thanksgiving-has-fed-us-a-false-narrative/
14. The True Story Of Thanksgiving – https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-true-story-of-thanksg_b_788436
15. Thanksgiving or “thanks-taking?” – https://christiancitizen.us/thanksgiving-or-thanks-taking/
16. Thanksgiving: Historical Perspectives – https://visit.archives.gov/whats-on/explore-exhibits/thanksgiving-historical-perspectives
17. Thanksgiving Day | Meaning, History, & Facts | Britannica – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Thanksgiving-Day
18. Understanding Thanksgiving’s history: Indigenous mom leads call to learn about ‘Truthsgiving’ – https://abc7ny.com/history-of-thanksgiving-native-american-heritage-truthsgiving-indigenous-people/12484873/
19. Reclaiming Thanksgiving: Including Indigenous History & Perspectives – https://www.nonviolenceny.org/post/reclaiming-thanksgiving-including-indigenous-history-perspectives
20. A Perspective on Thanksgiving by the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation – https://www.pccmarkets.com/sound-consumer/2024-10/a-perspective-on-thanksgiving-uiatf/
21. Decolonizing Our Thanksgiving Traditions – https://blog.lulu.com/thanksgiving-traditions/
22. Book Excerpt: The Real Thanksgiving Story – BillMoyers.com – https://billmoyers.com/story/real-thanksgiving-story/
23. Lyla June on The Truth of Thanksgiving – https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-11-27/lyla-june-on-the-truth-of-thanksgiving/
24. 9 Ways to Decolonize and Honor Native Peoples on Thanksgiving – https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/9-ways-decolonize-and-honor-native-peoples-thanksgiving
25. 11 Ways to Decolonize Your Thanksgiving and Honor Native Peoples – https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/11-ways-decolonize-your-thanksgiving-and-honor-native-peoples
26. Make Your Thanksgiving More Meaningful with History You Never Knew – https://www.iup.edu/news-events/news/2021/11/make-your-thanksgiving-more-meaningful-with-history-you-never-knew.html
27. Culturally Responsive Ways to Teach the History of Thanksgiving – https://www.edutopia.org/article/culturally-responsive-ways-to-teach-thanksgiving/
28. Native educators say Thanksgiving lessons can be accurate, respectful, and still fun—here’s how | NEA – https://www.nea.org/advocating-for-change/new-from-nea/native-educators-say-thanksgiving-lessons-can-be-accurate-respectful-and-still-fun-heres-how
29. Teaching Kids the True Meaning of Thanksgiving | Tinkergarten – https://tinkergarten.com/blog/how-to-honor-the-real-story-of-thanksgiving-with-kids
30. Teaching The History of Thanksgiving: Are We Doing It Right? – https://www.honorsgradu.com/teaching-the-history-of-thanksgiving-are-we-doing-it-right/
31. A Teacher’s Guide to Teaching Thanksgiving Responsibly | Classroom For Change – https://classroomforchange.com/a-teachers-guide-to-teaching-thanksgiving-responsibly/

Bill Petros - Journalist

Bill Petros in a Senior Journalist at Network World News, Author, Contributor and Editor.

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American Indian culture Cultural appropriation Harvest festivals Historical accuracy Indigenous perspectives Native American heritage Native American history Thanksgiving origins Thanksgiving traditions Wampanoag Tribe

Last modified: November 21, 2024